This pattern matches email addresses by using [a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+ to match the username and domain, followed by @, then [a-zA-Z0-9.-]+ to match the domain name, and finally \. followed by [a-zA-Z]{2,} to match the top-level domain. For phone numbers, it uses \(\d{1,3}\) to match the area code, followed by \s*\d{3}-?\d{3}-?\d{4} to match the rest of the number. For dates, it uses \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} to match the year-month-day format, and for the HTML tag, it uses <div>.*</div> to match the tag and its content.