I'll build a regex using alternation (|) to match all the different patterns:

1. Email patterns: 
   - Standard emails like "support@domain.org"
   - Emails with plus addressing like "John.Doe+newsletter@example.co.uk"
   - Emails with quoted display names like "\"Jane\" <jane.smith@example.com>"
   - Emails with quoted local parts like "\"Tricky.Address\"@somewhere-info.net"

2. Phone number patterns:
   - International format like "+1 (555) 123-4567 ext. 890" and "+44 20 7946 0018"
   - US formats with different separators: "555-234-5678", "555.345.6789", "(555)3456789"
   - Format with extensions like "555 456 1234 ext 567"

3. Date patterns:
   - ISO format: "2023-01-15"
   - European format: "15/01/2023"
   - US format: "01/15/23"
   - Text format: "Jan 15, 2023"
   - Slash format: "2023/01/15"

4. File path patterns:
   - Windows paths with escaped backslashes: "C:\\Program Files\\Example"
   - Windows paths with spaces: "C:\\Folder\\another\\weird path with spaces"
   - Unix paths: "/usr/local/bin"

5. Quoted texts:
   - Simple quotes: "\"Hello\""
   - Quotes with nested quotes and punctuation: "\"He said, 'Wait!'\""

Each pattern is carefully crafted to match exactly the target strings while avoiding the invalid examples mentioned in the text. I'm using character escaping where needed (especially for quotes, backslashes, etc.) and anchoring individual patterns with exact sequences that distinguish valid from invalid entries.